A project of TEAM Public Health

Decision Intelligence 4 Health

Better decisions are the highest-leverage skill in public health — yet decision quality is rarely taught. di4health is a practical framework and toolkit for making better decisions under real-world constraints.

“There are only two things that determine how your life turns out: luck and the quality of your decisions. You have control over only one of those two things.”

— Annie Duke, How to Decide

Why decision quality is hard

Decision making is our most important daily activity, but good decisions are hard for two reasons: organizational complexity and analytical complexity. di4health focuses on the analytical side — decision modeling (decision analysis) using modern data-science languages: Julia, Python, and R.

Two dimensions of decision competence: competence level vs. decision complexity
Two dimensions of decision competence. Source: Parnell et al., Handbook of Decision Analysis, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2025).

The di4health framework

A holistic, practice-based framework for team decision making under real-world constraints, built on four pillars.

The Decision Intelligence 4 Health framework overview
The Decision Intelligence 4 Health framework. Source: di4health.
D

Decision making under uncertainty

Information

Choosing when data, knowledge, and the future are incomplete.

E

Ethical decision making

Values

Weighing moral trade-offs so benefits outweigh risks.

E

Emergency & crisis decision making

Time

High-stakes choices under severe time pressure.

P

Priority setting & resource allocation

Resources

Investment trade-offs across competing needs.

Resources

Coding examples

Worked decision-analysis examples in Julia, Python, and R — runnable notebooks with commentary.

JuliaPythonR
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Decision Analysis in R (DARTH)

Open-source tutorials and packages for health-economic decision modeling from the DARTH workgroup.

R
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TEAM Public Health

Decision Intelligence for public health professionals — practice notes, frameworks, and case studies.

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di4health is a project of TEAM Public Health, created by Tomás Aragón. Content adapted from di4health.github.io.

Annie Duke — How to Decide (2020); Quit (2023); Thinking in Bets (2020).